Metodologija i problematika arheološkog površinskog pregleda

master's thesis

• Title (english): Methodology and Problematics of Archaeological Surface Survey
• Author: Petra Lacković
• Mentor: Ina Miloglav (mentor)
• Mentor: Vinka Matijević (komentor)
• Committee member: Rajna Šošić Klindžić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ina Miloglav (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vinka Matijević (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of Archaeology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Archeology

Abstract

Arheološki površinski pregled je najvažniji alat u proučavanju arheološkog krajolika i otkrivanju novih nalazišta. Njegova važnost je prepoznata već polovicom prošlog stoljeća kada se povećano počeo primjenjivati u zaštitnoj arheologiji. U ovom radu se donosi kratki pregled povijesnog razvoja terenskog pregleda i razvoja metodoloških pristupa od rekognosciranja sve do sustavnog terenskog pregleda. Nadalje, dotiče se važnosti geoarheologije i razumijevanja formacijskih procesa koji su utjecali na formaciju arheoloških nalazišta te očuvanost i položaj arheoloških nalaza. Svi arheološki elementi prolaze kroz brojne bihevioralne ljudske procese prije odbacivanja, a potom kroz depozicijske i postdepozicijske procese te je njihovo razumijevanje od velike važnosti za kvalitetnu interpretaciju prikupljenih arheoloških podataka. Uz prirodne, važno je razumijevanje i djelovanje oranja kao modernog formacijskog procesa koji posljednjih nekoliko stoljeća ima veliki utjecaj na arheološke površinske tragove. Osim što izlaganjem arheoloških tragova omogućuje njihovu detekciju, ima veliki utjecaj na uništavanje arheoloških nalazišta. Na uspješnost arheoloških površinskih pregleda utječe i vidljivost arheoloških tragova na površini. Raspravlja se o pet glavnih čimbenika koji uvjetuju vidljivost: formacijski procesi, priroda arheološkog zapisa, tehnike i strategije metodološkog pristupa, površinski i okolišni uvjeti te ljudski faktori. Uz vidljivost na odabir metodološkog pristupa utječu i ciljevi istraživanja, veličina prostora, topografske i geomorfološke karakteristike krajolika te financijske mogućnosti. Stavljen je poseban naglasak na odabir metodologije na područjima sa slabijom vidljivošću unutar koje se dotiče i primjena podpovršinskih istraživanja. Završno su razmatrani nedostaci arheološkog površinskog pregleda, posebno u kontekstu neotkrivanja manjih nalazišta te pogreškama u procjeni veličine, datiranja i određivanja funkcije nalazišta.

Abstract (english)

Archaeological surface survey is the most important tool in studying an archaeological landscape and discovering new sites. Its significance was recognized as early as the mid-20th century when it began to be increasingly applied in rescue archaeology. This paper provides a brief overview of the historical development of field survey and the evolution of methodological approaches from reconnaissance to systematic field survey. Furthermore, it touches upon the importance of geoarchaeology and understanding formational processes that have influenced the formation of archaeological sites, as well as the preservation and positioning of archaeological finds. All archaeological elements undergo numerous human behavioral processes before being discarded, and then go through depositional and post-depositional processes. The understanding of those processes plays a significant role in a quality interpretation of collected archaeological data. In addition to natural processes, it is important to understand the impact of plowing as a modern formational process that has had a significant influence on archaeological surface traces over the past few centuries. Besides enabling the detection of archaeological traces by exposing them, plowing has a major impact on the destruction of archaeological sites. The success of archaeological surface surveys is also influenced by the visibility of archaeological traces on the surface. Five main factors affecting visibility are discussed: formational processes, the nature of the archaeological record, techniques and strategies of methodological approaches, surface and environmental conditions, and human factors. In addition to visibility, the choice of methodology is also influenced by research objectives, the size of the area, topographical and geomorphological characteristics of the landscape, and the financial possibilities. Special emphasis is placed on selecting methodology in areas with poor visibility, within which the application of subsurface surveys is also discussed. Finally, the paper considers the shortcomings of archaeological surface survey, especially in the context of not discovering smaller sites and errors in assessing the size and dating of sites and determining their function.

• Keywords: terenski pregled; arheološki zapis; metodologija; formacijski procesi
• Keywords (english): field survey; archaeological record; methodology; formation processes
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:262078
• Study programme: Title: Archaeology; specializations in: Prehistoric Archaeology, Archaeology of Antiquity, Medieval Archaeology; Course: Prehistoric Archaeology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra arheologije (magistar/magistra arheologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2023-09-29
• Created on: 2023-09-29 09:08:59