Analiza suđenja Adolfu Eichmannu iz povijesne i filozofske perspektive

master's thesis

• Title (english): Analysis of Adolf Eichmann's trial from historical and philosophical perspectives
• Author: Roberta Popeškić
• Mentor: Ivana Zagorac (mentor)
• Mentor: Goran Hutinec (komentor)
• Committee member: Matija Vigato (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of Philosophy); Zagreb
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of History); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-26, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Philosophy
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; History

Abstract

Adolf Eichmann bio je njemački pripadnik SS-a koji je zbog sudjelovanja u masovnim deportacijama i ubijanjima Židova u Drugom svjetskom ratu, postao jednim od najzloglasnijih ratnih zločinaca. Iako je nekoliko godina nakon rata uspješno skrivao svoj identitet, Eichmann je u konačnici uhvaćen i osuđen na smrt. Uz to što je privuklo ogromnu medijsku pažnju, njegovo je suđenje imalo i iznimnu povijesnu i filozofsku važnost. S ciljem boljeg razumijevanja ove teme, kroz ovaj će se rad provesti detaljna analiza samog suđenja iz filozofske i povijesne perspektive. U okviru povijesti, bit će analiziran sam kontekst i okolnosti u kojima se odvija suđenje a istaknut će se i važnost Eichmannove uloge u nacističkom režimu. Nadalje, razmotrit će se koliko je ovo suđenje pridonijelo širenju svijesti o zločinima Holokausta i na taj način utjecalo na kolektivno pamćenje. S druge strane, iz filozofske će se perspektive rad usredotočiti na moralne aspekte Eichmannove obrane pa će u tom smislu, biti otvorena pitanja osobne odgovornosti, moralne krivnje i poslušnosti autoritetu. Eichmannova se obrana uvelike oslanjala na tvrdnju da je „samo slijedio naredbe“ što je otvorilo kompleksne etičke dileme kojima je posebnu pažnju posvetila filozofkinja Hannah Arendt. Istražujući koncept banalnosti zla, Arendt je razvila teoriju prema kojoj pojedinci mogu počiniti neizrecivo okrutna djela a da pritom ne posjeduju inherentno zlo. Obzirom da je predstavljala važnu figuru u kontekstu Eichmannova suđenja, velik će fokus biti stavljen upravo na njenu interpretaciju ovog događaja, kontroverze koje su proizašle iz izvještaja Arendt te prigovore drugih autora. Povezujući filozofsku i povijesnu perspektivu, glavni je cilj rada ukazati na duboki značaj suđenja u kontekstu suočavanja s prošlošću ali i njegovih posljedica na etiku i filozofiju.

Abstract (english)

Adolf Eichmann was a German member of the SS who became one of the most notorious war criminals due to his involvement in the mass deportations and killings of Jews during World War II. Although he succesfully concelead his identity for several years after the war, Eichmann was ultimately captured and sentenced to death. His trial not only attracted immense media attention but also held significant historical and philosophical importance. To gain a deeper understanding of this topic, this paper will conduct a detailed analysis of the trial from both a philosophical and historical perspective. The historical analysis will focus on the context and circumstances surrounding the trial, emphasizing Eichmann's role in the Nazi regime. Additionally, the paper will explore how the trial contributed to raising awareness of the crimes of the Holocaust and its impact on collective memory. From a philosophical standpoint, the paper will examine the moral aspects of Eichmann's defense, raising questions of personal responsibility, moral guilt, and obedience to authority. Eichmann's defense heavily relied on the claim that he was „just following orders“, a notion that opened complex ethical dilemmas, particularly addressed by the philosopher Hannah Arendt. In her exploration of the concept of the „banality of evil“, Arendt developed a theory suggesting that individuals can commit unspekeable acts of cruelty without possesing inherent malice. As Arendt was a key figure in the interpretation of Eichmann's trial, the paper will place significant emphasis on her perspective, the controversies arising from her reports and critiques from other authors. By linking the philosophical and historical perspectives, the primary goal of the paper is to highlight the profound significance of the trial in confronting the past, as well as its lasting impact on ethics and philosophy.

• Keywords: Ključne riječi: Adolf Eichmann; pamćenje; Holokaust; zlo; Hannah Arendt
• Keywords (english): Keywords: Adolf Eichmann; memory; Holocaust; evil; Hannah Arendt
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:830863
• Study programme: Title: Philosophy; specializations in: Teaching (double major), Research (single or double major); Course: Teaching (double major); Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra filozofije (magistar/magistra filozofije)
• Study programme: Title: History (single major); specializations in: Research, Teaching; Course: Research; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra povijesti (magistar/magistra povijesti)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-09-30 08:48:32