Istarski raskol: korijeni i posljedice

master's thesis

• Title (english): The Schism of the Three Chapters: Origins and Consequences
• Author: Tomislav Bilić
• Mentor: Trpimir Vedriš (mentor)
• Committee member: Tomislav Galović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Hrvoje Gračanin (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of History); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-09-26, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; History; Medieval Croatian and World History

Abstract

Cilj ovog rada jest ustanoviti korijene Shizme Triju poglavlja, proučiti razvoj raskola na Zapadu te utvrditi koje su bile posljedice ovog spora. Rad se stoga najprije bavi događajima na istočnom dijelu Rimskoga Carstva koji su doveli do Petog ekumenskog koncila 553. godine te razmatra vjerski spor po pitanju Teodora iz Mopsuestije, Teodoreta iz Kira i Ibe iz Edese u kontekstu Justinijanove religijske politike i općenitog ozračja kristoloških debata 5. i 6. stoljeća. Zatim se pomoću papinskih pisama i drugih izvora analizira kakav je trag ovaj raskol ostavio ne samo na crkvenim strukturama već i na religijskom diskursu te općenito poimanju koncila iz 553. godine na Zapadu. Specifično, rad prati odjeke shizme na području Italije i Istre, a dotiče se i izvora koji daju naslutiti kako je kontroverza oko Triju poglavlja ostavila duboke tragove čak i na franačkom području. Posebna pozornost posvećena je istarskom području gdje su se posljedice raskola osjećale i dugo vremena nakon što je sam raskol bio dokinut.
Začeci Shizme Triju poglavlja nastali su iz Justinijanove želje za kompromisom s monofizitima. Kako je taj kompromis podrazumijevao žrtvovanje određenih odredbi sa prethodnog ekumenskog sabora održanog u Kalcedonu, to je dovelo do snažnog otpora koji se posebno dugo održao na području sjeverne Italije i Istre. Raskol je u kombinaciji s političkim promjenama doveo do duboke transformacije crkvenih struktura i odnosa na ovom području što je u konačnici dovelo do toga da je Rim imao čvršći stisak nad Italijom nego prije. S druge strane, shizmatici su se tijekom 6. stoljeća uspješno profilirali kao branitelji halkedonske vjere što je pitanje Petog ekumenskog koncila učinilo izuzetno osjetljivim čak i za pape. Na području Istre osobito je dubok trag ostavila podjela Akvilejske metropolije nakon koje su se istarski biskupi formalno našli pod jurisdikcijom biskupa u Gradu, no sudeći prema izvorima istarska su središta nastavila gravitirati prema „staroj Akvileji“.

Abstract (english)

The goal of this paper is to identify the origins of the Schism of the Three Chapters, examine the development of the schism on the West and determine the consequences of this controversy. Therefore, the paper first deals with the events which took place in the eastern part of the Roman Empire that led up to the Fifth Ecumenical Council (553) and analyzes the religious dispute regarding Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret of Cyrrhus and Ibas of Edessa in the context of Justinian’s religious policy and the general atmosphere of christological debates of the 5th and 6th centuries. Then, by analyzing papal correspondence and other primary sources, the author examines the impact that the schism had not just on the Church structures but also on the religious discourse and understanding of the council of 553 in the West. Specifically, the paper deals with the repercussions of the schism in Italy and Istria, but also touches on the sources which hint that the Three Chapters controversy had a profound impact even on the Frankish territory. The author pays special attention to Istria where the consequences of the schism were felt long after the schism itself had ended.
The Schism of the Three Chapters originated from Justinian’s desire to find a compromise with the monophysites. However, as that compromise meant sacrificing certain conclusions of the previous ecumenical council held in Chalcedon, it provoked a strong resistance which continued for a particularly long period in northern Italy and Istria. The combination of the schism and political changes resulted in dramatic transformations of the Church structures in these regions which ultimately led to Rome establishing control over Italy to the extent it had not managed to do before. On the other hand, the schismatics successfully constituted themselves as the defenders of the Chalcedonian faith over the course of the 6th century which made the issue of the Fifth Ecumenical Council an extremely sensitive one even for the popes. In regard to Istria, a particularly impactful consequence of the schism was the division of the metropolitan see of Aquileia. The bishops of Istria officially fell under the jurisdiction of the bishop of Grado but, judging by the reports we can find in primary sources, Istrian dioceses continued to gravitate towards the “old Aquileia”.

• Keywords: Tri poglavlja; shizma; raskol; Justinijan; crkvena povijest; papinstvo; ekumenski koncili; Italija; Istra; Akvileja; Langobardi
• Keywords (english): Three Chapters; schism; Justinian; Church history; papacy; ecumenical councils; Italy; Istria; Aquileia; Lombards
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:828714
• Study programme: Title: History (single major); specializations in: Research, Teaching; Course: Research; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra povijesti (magistar/magistra povijesti)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2023-10-02 08:53:39