Grčka manjina u Istanbulu od osnutka Republike Turske do Istanbulskog pogroma 1955.

master's thesis

• Author: Lucija Žilić
• Mentor: Vjeran Kursar (mentor)
• Committee member: Tvrtko Jakovina (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marta Andrić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of Hungarology, Turkology and Judaism); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-09-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Philology; Turkish Studies

Abstract

Grčka zajednica u Istanbulu, koja danas broji oko 2.000 stanovnika, ima dugu povijest koja seže unatrag stoljećima. Njihova prisutnost na ovom području datira sve do vremena kada je Carigrad bio prijestolnica Bizanta i helenske kulture. Nakon pada Carigrada 1453. godine, grad je postao osmanska prijestolnica pod islamskim vladarima, a grčka zajednica ostala je važan dio kozmopolitskog duha grada. Imali su značajnu ulogu u kulturnom i ekonomskom životu Istanbula te su bili uspješni trgovci. Međutim, osnivanje Republike Turske i promjene u političkom i društvenom okruženju donijeli su brojne izazove grčkoj zajednici. Iako su bili isključeni iz obvezne Razmjene grčko-turskog stanovništva 1923. godine, prva desetljeća Republike Turske obilježena su demografskim padom i pokušajima turcifikacije grčke zajednice. Dva ključna događaja ističu se u tom razdoblju. Prvi je donošenje Zakona o porezu na bogatstvo 1942. godine, kojim su nemuslimanski stanovnici Turske bili ciljano oporezivani, s namjerom ekonomskog oslabljivanja nemanjinskih skupina. Drugi događaj bio je Pogrom protiv Grka 1955. tijekom kojeg su brojni grčki dućani, radionice, domovi i bogomolje uništeni, a mnogi stanovnici stradali. Ovi događaji oslikavaju probleme s kojim se suočila istanbulska zajednica te ukazuju na dugotrajne izazove koje su grčki stanovnici Istanbula morali prevladavati radi očuvanja svojeg identiteta i kulture, unatoč postupnom padu broja stanovnika.

Abstract (english)

The Greek community in Istanbul, which today numbers around 2,000 residents, has a long history dating back centuries. Their presence in this area dates back to the time when Constantinople was the capital of Byzantium and Hellenic culture. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the city became the Ottoman capital under Islamic rulers, and the Greek community remained an important part of the city's cosmopolitan spirit. They played a significant role in the cultural and economic life of Istanbul and were successful traders. However, the establishment of the Republic of Turkey and changes in the political and social environment brought numerous challenges to the Greek community. Although they were excluded from the compulsory Exchange of Greek and Turkish populations in 1923, the first decades of the Republic of Turkey were marked by demographic decline and attempts to Turkify the Greek community. Two key events stand out during that period. The first was the enactment of the Wealth Tax Law in 1942, which specifically targeted non-Muslim residents of Turkey with the intention of economically weakening minority groups. The second event was the 1955 Pogrom against the Greeks, during which numerous Greek shops, workshops, homes, and places of worship were destroyed, and many residents lost their lives. These events highlight the challenges faced by the Istanbul community and underscore the long-standing challenges that Greek residents of Istanbul had to overcome to preserve their identity and culture, despite the gradual decline in their population over the years.

• Keywords: Grci; Istanbul; turcifikacija; manjine; Porez na bogatstvo; Pogrom 1955.
• Keywords (english): Greeks; Istanbul; Turkification; minorities; Wealth Tax; 1955 Pogrom.
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:512542
• Study programme: Title: Turkish Language and Literature (double major); Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra turkologije (magistar/magistra turkologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2023-09-28 08:00:46