Title Nacizam i slikarstvo : Od Trećeg Reicha do Hrvatske Title (english) Nazism and painting : From the Third Reich to Croatia Author Lucija Habuš Mentor Dragan Damjanović (mentor)Committee member Frano Dulibić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Patricia Počanić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Dragan Damjanović (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2023-06-15, Croatia Scientific / art field, HUMANISTIC SCIENCES Abstract Umjetnost Trećeg Reicha u periodu od 1933. do 1945. bila je sredstvo propagande i širenja nacističke ideologije, no služila je i kao vizualni predložak ideala koje je njemački narod trebao slijediti. Režimski podobni slikari tematski i formalno rijetko su odstupali od datih smjernica te su u razdoblju modernih stremljenja njemačko slikarstvo vratili na tradicionalne i akademske forme. Zbog emigracije mnogih umjetnika i zabrane njihova djelovanja, kvaliteta umjetničke produkcije je pala. Slikarstvo Trećeg Reicha, bez ideoloških smjernica i konteksta nastanka lako bismo stilski smjestili u 19. stoljeće, no ono vrlo vjerno predstavlja što je umjetnost morala biti u razdoblju nacističke vlasti u Njemačkoj.
Posljedično, nastankom Nezavisne Države Hrvatske 1941. godine koja je pod jakim utjecajem Trećeg Reicha krojila gotovo svaki aspekt života i politike inspirirajući se totalitarističkim režimima, u prvom redu nacizmom, u hrvatskoj umjetnosti 1940-ih vidljivi su obrasci preneseni iz Nazi-Kunsta, od odabira tema sve do organiziranja izložbi istog tipa. U hrvatskim tiskovinama izlazili su članci i kritike u kojima se hvalila njemačka umjetnost te obrnuto. Ipak, hrvatsko slikarstvo u razdoblju od 1941. do 1945,. iako pod velikim utjecajem nacističke ideologije, nerijetko je u zadanim temama koristilo likovni jezik avangarde i modernizma. Iako se to može reći u manjoj mjeri i za njemačku umjetnost, u hrvatskoj, unatoč dominaciji akademizma i klasicizma, uočavamo istodobno uplive impresionizma, postimpresionizma, ekspresionizma i modernizama. To možemo protumačiti kao posljedicu doticaja hrvatskih slikara sa suvremenom umjetnosti pri studiranju i boravku u europskim metropolama, ponajviše u Parizu i Rimu. Nacionalistički obojeno, tradicionalno slikarstvo 1940-ih godina u Hrvatskoj slabo je obrađeno u literaturi, dok s druge strane slikarstvo Trećeg Reicha kao tema uvršteno je u mnoge knjige, znanstvene članke, dokumentarne serije i filmove. Cilj ovog rada je predstaviti kronologiju, teme, slikare i izložbenu djelatnost njemačke i hrvatske umjetnosti te pronaći zone doticaja i razilaženja.
Abstract (english) The art of the Third Reich in the period from 1933 until 1945 served as a means of propaganda and the spread of Nazi ideology, but also as a visual representation of the ideals that the German people were supposed to follow. The painters who were close to the regime rarely thematically and formally deviated from given guidelines and in this period of modernistic aspirations German painting returned to traditional and academic forms. The quality of artistic production had fallen due to emigration of many artists or from a ban on their activities, or both. The painting of the Third Reich could easily be stylistically placed in the 19th century without the context of its creation and ideological guidelines, but it very faithfully depicts what art had to be during the period of Nazi rule in Germany.
The Independent State of Croatia was established in 1941. It, under the strong influence of the Third Reich, consequently shaped almost every aspect of local daily life and politics. Inspired by totalitarian regimes, mainly by Nazism, the Croatian art of the 1940s implemented patterns transferred from Nazi-Kunst – from the selection of themes to organizing exhibitions of the same type. Croatian newspapers published articles and reviews praising German art and vice versa. Nevertheless, Croatian painting in the period from 1941 to 1945, although heavily influenced by Nazi ideology, often used the artistic language of the avant-garde and modernism in its themes. In spite of the fact that this could be said for German art (to a lesser extent), in Croatia we simultaneously observe influences of impressionism, post-impressionism, expressionism and modernism (despite the general dominance of academism and classicism). We can interpret this as a consequence of the contact Croatian painters had with contemporary art while studying abroad and staying in European metropolises, mainly Paris and Rome. The painting of the 1940s in Croatia, colored by nationalism and traditionalism, is poorly covered in the literature, while on the other hand, the painting of the Third Reich has been a topic of many books, scientific articles, documentary series and films. The aim of this paper is to present the chronology, themes, painters and exhibition activity of German and Croatian art and to identify their similarities and differences.
Keywords
Treći Reich
Nezavisna Država Hrvatska
slikarstvo
Velike izložbe njemačke umjetnosti
Izložba Izopačene umjetnosti
Izložbe hrvatskih umjetnika u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj
umjetnost 1940-ih
Keywords (english)
Third Reich
Independent State of Croatia
painting
Great German Art Exhibitions
Degenerate Art exhibition
Exhibitions of Croatian artists in the Independent State of Croatia
art of the 1940s
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:131:032031 Study programme Title: Art History; specializations in: Research Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2023-06-22 19:20:22
