Članovi yoge u Patañjalijevim Yoga-sūtrama

master's thesis

• Title (english): Constituent Parts of Yoga in Pātañjala Yoga-sūtras
• Author: Ana Gereš
• Mentor: Goran Kardaš (mentor)
• Committee member: Ljudevit Fran Ježić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Tokić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of Philosophy); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Philosophy; Indian Philosophy

Abstract

Yoga kao filozofski sustav jedan je od šest ortodoksnih filozofskih sustava Indije, no praksa yoge je znatno starija. Ovaj će rad prikazati neke primjere ranih ideja o yogi u upaniṣadima, Mokṣadharmaparvanu i Bhāgavad-Gīti, kao i određene primjere povezanosti buddhizma i filozofije yoge. Temeljni tekst filozofskog sustava yoga, Yoga-sūtra, nastao je otprilike između 350. i 450. g. n. e., a pripisuje se Patañjaliju. Filozofija yoge bliska je filozofiji sāṃkhye, dualizmu koji razlikuje princip svijesti i tvarni princip koji uključuje i mentalne fenomene. Identificiranje svijesti sa mentalnim fenomenima rezultat je neznanja koje se smatra uzrokom patnje i ponovnog rođenja. Ciljevi obaju filozofija su dostizanje razlikovne spoznaje i duhovno oslobođenje. Dok je za sāṃkhyu dostizanje ovih ciljeva rezultat intelektualnog pothvata, yoga je prvenstveno usmjerena na meditativnu praksu kojom se postiže iskustveni uvid. Razlikovna spoznaja i duhovno oslobođenje postižu se obustavom obrtaja svijesti koja je rezultat metodične vježbe. U ovom će se radu prikazati praksu yoge koja se sastoji od osam članova (yama, niyama, āsana, prāṇāyama, pratyāhāra, dhāraṇā, dhyāna i samādhi) i njene filozofske temelje.

Abstract (english)

Yoga as a philosophical system is one of six orthodox systems of Indian philosophy, but the practice of yoga is considerably older. This paper will present some of the examples of early ideas about yoga found in the upaniṣads, Mokṣadharmaparvan and Bhāgavad-Gītā, as well as certain examples of connection between Buddhism and Yoga philosophy. The foundational text of Yoga system, the Yoga-sūtra, was written roughly between 350. and 450. C.E., and is attributed to Patañjali. The philosophy of Yoga is closely related to the philosophy of Sāṃkhya, a dualism that distinguishes principle of consciousness and principle of materiality that includes mental phenomena as well. Identification of consciousness with mental phenomena is a result of ignorance which is considered to cause suffering and rebirth. Goals of both of these philosophies are attainment of discriminative knowledge and spiritual liberation. While attainment of these goals for Sāṃkhya is a result of an intellectual endeavour, Yoga is primarily focused on meditative practice which results in experiential insight. Discriminative knowledge and spiritual liberation are attained by the cessation of fluxtuations of awareness which is a result of methodical practice. This paper will present a yoga practice that consists of eight constituent parts (yama, niyama, āsana, prāṇāyama, pratyāhāra, dhāraṇā, dhyāna and samādhi) and its philosophical foundations.

• Keywords: yoga; sāṃkhya; metafizika; dualizam; etika; svijest; meditacija; spoznaja; oslobođenje
• Keywords (english): Yoga; Sāṃkhya; metaphysics; dualism; ethics; consciousness; meditation; insight; liberation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:189640
• Study programme: Title: Philosophy (single major); specializations in: Research; Course: Research; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra filozofije (magistar/magistra filozofije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2022-09-19 13:07:51