| Abstract | Zenit je časopis koji je pokrenuo Ljubomir Micić. Časopis je izlazio u Zagrebu od 1921. do 1923. godine, a nakon preseljenja nastavlja izlaziti u Beogradu od 1924. do 1926. godine. Ljubomir Micić je od pokretanja Zenita bio njegov glavni urednik i izdavač, sa njime je Ivan Goll kao suurednik surađivao od 8. do 12. broja, a kratkotrajno su tu sudjelovali Boško Tokin, Rastko Petrović i Branko Ve Poljanski. Zenit je kroz svoje djelovanje i suradnje koje je ostvario postao medij komunikacije, prenošenja, razmjene i širenja umjetničkih ideja.
Pojava Zenita kao međunarodnog časopisa koji je objavljivao djela vodećih europskih avangardnih umjetnika predstavlja izrazito važnu avangardnu pojavu na ovim prostorima. Navedeno se očituje u inovativnim tipografskim i vizualnim rješenjima u oblikovanju časopisa, ali i knjiga i plakata nastalih pod okriljem Zenita, koja predstavljaju snažan iskorak u domaćoj vizualnoj kulturi toga vremena.
Jedna od inovacija avangarde 1920-ih je bio opći vizualni dojam, a najviše se manifestira u području tipografije. Stvorena je jaka povezanost između moderne tipografije i vizualne umjetnosti što lako možemo vidjeti i na stranicama Zenita na kojima se koriste nova tipografska rješenja, ali i na drugim zenitističkim izdanjima kao što su plakati, letci, knjige, brošure i druge publikacije. Svijest o estetici i važnosti novih komunikacijskih sredstava uvijek je bila prisutna i vremenom je samo sve više jačala. Dakle, kada govorimo o literarnim izdanjima Zenita, ta rješenja nisu ograničena samo na naslovne stranice, već prožimaju cijelu publikaciju. I upravo to će biti središnja tema ovoga rada- grafičko oblikovanje časopisa Zenit.
Objavljeno je ukupno 43 broja, od kojih su neki na latiničnom, a neki na ćiriličnom pismu, a sastojali su se od izvornih priloga na stranim jezicima i bili su bogato opremljeni slikovnim prilozima. Koliko je Zenit bio priznat, cijenjen i koliki je značaj imao govore mnogobrojne veze i suradnje koje je tijekom godina ostvario, posebno izvan svojih geografskih granica. |
| Abstract (english) | Zenit is a magazine started by Ljubomir Micić. The magazine was being published in Zagreb from 1921 to 1923, and after its relocation it continued to be published in Belgrade from 1924 to 1926. Since the launch of Zenit, Ljubomir Micić has been its editor-in-chief and publisher, Ivan Goll has collaborated as a co-editor from issues 8 to 12, while Boško Tokin, Rastko Petrović and Branko Ve Poljanski have participated for a short period of time. Through its activities and collaborations, Zenit was a medium of communication, transmission, exchange and dissemination of artistic ideas.
The emergence of Zenit as an international magazine that published works by leading European avant-garde artists is an important avant-garde phenomenon in the area of former Yugoslavia. Zenit's large influence is reflected in the innovative typographic and visual solutions in the design of magazines, but also in the books and posters created under the auspices of Zenit, which represent a breakthrough in the domestic visual culture of that time.
One of the innovations of the avant-garde in the 1920s was the general visual impression achieved by the visual identity, most manifested in the field of typography. A strong connection has been created between modern typography and visual art, which can easily be seen on Zenit's pages, which use new typographic solutions, but also on other Zenitist publications such as posters, leaflets, books, brochures and other publications. Awareness of the aesthetics and the importance of new means of communication has always been present and has only grown stronger over time. So, when we talk about Zenit's literary editions, these solutions are not limited to the front pages, but permeate the entire publication. And that's exactly what is the central topic of this thesis - the graphic design of Zenit magazine.
A total of 43 issues of Zenit magazine were published, some of them in Latin and some in Cyrillic, however, they also contained original articles in foreign languages and were richly equipped with pictorial articles. How much Zenit was recognized, appreciated and how important it was is shown by the many connections and collaborations it has made over the years, especially beyond its geographical borders. |
