Psihijatrijski diskurs u hrvatskom društvu na prijelazu iz devetnaestoga u dvadeseto stoljeće

doctoral thesis

• Title (english): Psychiatric discourse in Croatian society at the turn of the 19th and 20th century
• Author: Vinko Drača
• Mentor: Ida Ograjšek Gorenjak (mentor)
• Mentor: Željka Matijašević (mentor)
• Committee member: Nikola Anušić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Heike Karge (član povjerenstva); VIAF: 267242720
• Committee member: Željko Dugac (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of History); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-05-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; History
• Universal decimal classification (UDC): 94(497.5) - History of Croatia; 616 - Pathology. Clinical medicine

Abstract

Rad analizira povijest psihijatrijskog diskursa u hrvatskom društvu na prijelazu iz devetnaestog u dvadeseto stoljeće. Razdoblje obuhvaćeno radom počinje 1879. godine, osnutkom Kraljevskog i zemaljskog zavoda za umobolne u Stenjevcu, kao prve psihijatrijske institucije u hrvatskom dijelu Austro-Ugarske Monarhije, a završava 1918. godine. Teorijski i metodološki pristup bazira se na konstruktivističkoj školi povijesti psihijatrije, koja smatra da je medicinski pogled na um i duševno zdravlje bio uvelike obilježen povijesnim kontekstom, institucionalnim praksama psihijatrije i dominantnim emotivnim režimima društva. Pri analizi izvora koristi se metodološki aparat povijesti emocija i kulturne povijesti psihijatrije. Psihijatrijski diskurs bio je neodvojiv od psihijatrijske prakse i razvijao se u stalnoj komunikaciji između psihijatara i štićenika psihijatrijskih zavoda, te psihijatara i ostalih društvenih institucija i pojedinaca: pravosudnih organa, organa lokalne administrativne vlasti, obitelji štićenika i drugih liječnika. Izvori za opis i analizu ove mreže odnosa su psihijatrijski članci i knjige, te povijesti bolesti štićenika sačuvane u arhivu Klinike za psihijatriju Vrapče. Na temelju navedenih izvora analizira se razvoj i nastanak hrvatske psihijatrije u kontekstu europskih intelektualnih kretanja druge polovice devetnaestog stoljeća, naročito s obzirom na u to vrijeme prevladavajuće evolucionističke i somaticističke teorije te narative o degeneraciji i primitivizmu, usko povezane sa znanstvenim rasizmom. Opisuju se uvjeti života štićenika i terapeutske metode primjenjivane u zavodu. Osobita pažnja posvećuje se mjestu roda, seksualnosti, straha i sukoba u psihijatrijskom diskursu. Diskursi oko tih pojmova čine bitan dio narativa o duševnoj bolesti u devetnaestom stoljeću, a psihijatrijski pristup tim konceptima analizira se gustim opisom niza povijesti bolesti. Pri analizi istaknuto se mjesto nastoji dati upravo glasovima štićenika i štićenica. Proučavanje njihovih iskaza bilo je ključno za formiranje psihijatrijskog znanja, iako se onodobna psihijatrija prema njihovom govoru ponašala ambivalentno. S jedne strane, isti je bio pomno zapisivan, s druge strane kao „govor luđaka“ bio je delegitimiran, te je štićenicima i štićenicama oduzeto bilo kakvo pravo objašnjavanja i tumačenja vlastitih simptoma.

Abstract (english)

Thesis analyzes history of psychiatric discourse in Croatian society at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century. The time period covered by this research starts in 1879, the year Royal and Land Asylum for the Insane in Stenjevec was opened as the first psychiatric institution in Croatian part of Austria-Hungary and it ends in 1918. Theoretical and methodological approach is based upon the constructivist school of history of psychiatry which assumes that medical perspectives of mind and mental health were necessarily informed by specific historical context, institutional practices of psychiatry and dominant emotional regimes present in society. In the analysis of sources methodological apparatus of the history of emotions and the cultural history of psychiatry was used. Psychiatric discourse was inseparable from psychiatric practice and developed in constant communication between psychiatrists and inmates of psychiatric institutions, and psychiatrists and other social institutions and individuals: judicial authorities, local administrative authorities, families of inmates and other physicians. Sources for the description and analysis of this network of relationships are psychiatric articles and books, as well as the patient histories kept in the archives of the Vrapče Psychiatric Clinic. Based on these sources, the development and emergence of Croatian psychiatry in the context of European intellectual movements of the second half of the nineteenth century is analyzed, especially given the prevailing evolutionary and somaticist theories and narratives of degeneration and primitivism, closely related to scientific racism. The living conditions of the asylum inmates and the therapeutic methods applied in the institution are described. Particular attention is paid to the place of gender, sexuality, fear, and conflict in psychiatric discourse. Discourses around these concepts form an essential part of the narrative of mental illness in the nineteenth century, and the psychiatric approach to these concepts is analyzed by a dense description of a series of medical histories. In the analysis, a prominent place is given to voices of the inmates. The medical study of their statements was crucial for the formation of psychiatric knowledge, although psychiatry at the time treated their speech ambivalently. On the one hand, it was carefully written down, on the other hand, it was delegitimized as "madman's speech", and the inmates were deprived of any right to explain and interpret their own symptoms.

• Keywords: psihijatrija; povijest psihijatrije
• Keywords (english): Rad ne sadrži ključne riječi na drugom jeziku.
• Language: croatian
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.17234/diss.2021.8789
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:304963
• Study programme: Title: Postgraduate (Doctoral) Program in Modern and Contemporary Croatian history in European and World context; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje humanističkih znanosti, polje povijest (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje humanističkih znanosti, polje povijest)
• Type of resource: Text
• Extent: 307 str.
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-07-02 10:13:24