Koncept patnje (dukkha) u ranom buddhizmu

master's thesis

• Title (english): The concept of suffering (dukkha) in early Buddhism
• Author: Ema Veselinović
• Mentor: Goran Kardaš (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivan Andrijanić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Višnja Grabovac (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Goran Kardaš (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of Indology and Far East studies); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2025-02-14, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Philosophy; Indian Philosophy

Abstract

Buddhizam, kao prvenstveno etičko učenje, pojavio se na prijelazu iz šestog u peto stoljeće prije nove ere, na sjeveroistoku indijskog potkontinenta. Ime je dobio po epitetu buddha (hrv. probuđeni), kojim se oslovljavalo njegovog utemeljitelja Siddhartu Gautmu. On je sam isticao da njegov nauk razotkriva i prilagođava stare puteve ljudskog spoznavanja. Potaknut vlastitom iskustvenom spoznajom, Buddha temelji svoju prvu propovijed (dhammacakkappavattana sutta) na nauku o četiri plemenite istine... More (cattāri ariyasaccāni), u čijoj srži leži koncept patnje, u koji je uronjena cijela ljudska egzistencija. S obzirom na to da Buddha gleda na svijet kao na neprekidnu struju promjenjivih pojava, koje za temelj nemaju ništa postojano, i da za njega postoji jasnoća o tome da svaka, pa i najveća ugoda jednom ide svome kraju, on promatra život kao patnju (dukkha). Patnja se poistovjećuje sa prolaznošću, zato što čovjek želi ono što je nestalno, promjenjivo i propadljivo. Prema tome, želja (kāma) je ta koje uzrukuje patnju. Kako svi činioci postojanja nastaju da bi opet nestali, oni su bez “sopstva”, tj. bez postojana i samostojnog bitka (anattā). Buddha poriče postojanje ātmana, te kao konačni cilj ističe konačno utrnuće i ugasnuće (nibbāna), govoreći da je u oslobođenju od ovozemljskog života i prestanku želje, koja vodi do uzastopnih prerađanja, jedini spas. Cilj ovog rada je, iz perspektive indijske filozofije, obuhvatiti upravo taj koncept patnje, iznesen u ranom buddhizmu, kroz nauk o četiri plemenite istine. Less

Abstract (english)

Buddhism, as primarily an ethical teaching, appeared at the turn of the sixth to fifth century BC, in the northeast of the Indian subcontinent. It got its name from the epithet buddha (Croatian: awakened), which was used to address its founder Siddharta Gautma. He himself emphasized that his teaching exposes and adjusts the old ways of human cognition. Inspired by his own experiential knowledge, the Buddha bases his first sermon (dhammacakkappavattana sutta) on the doctrine of the four noble... More truths (cattāri ariyasaccāni), at the core of which lies the concept of suffering, in which the entire human existence is immersed. Given that the Buddha sees the world as a continuous stream of changing phenomena, which have nothing permanent as a foundation, and that for him there is clarity that every, even the greatest pleasure comes to an end, he views life as suffering (dukkha). Suffering is identified with transience, because man wants what is impermanent, changeable and perishable. Therefore, it is desire (kāma) that causes suffering. As all factors of existence arise only to disappear again, they are without "self", i.e. without constant and independent battle (anattā). The Buddha denies the existence of ātman, and as the final goal points out final numbness and extinction (nibbāna), saying that the only salvation lies in liberation from earthly life and the cessation of desire, which leads to successive rebirths. The aim of this paper is, from the perspective of Indian philosophy, to encompass precisely this concept of suffering, presented in early Buddhism, through the doctrine of the four noble truths. Less

• Keywords: patnja; buddhizam; Buddha; četiri plemenite istine; indijska filozofija
• Keywords (english): suffering; Buddhism; Buddha; four noble truths; Indian philosophy
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:858530
• Study programme: Title: Indian Language and Literature (double major); Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra indologije (magistar/magistra indologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2025-02-25 19:29:20