Fenomen otuđenja u modernoj japanskoj književnosti na primjerima Osamu Dazaija, Natsume Sōsekija i Kenzaburō Ōea

master's thesis

• Title (english): The alienation phenomenon in modern Japanese literature based on the examples of Osamu Dazai, Natsume Sōseki and Kenzaburō Ōe
• Author: Klara Ivandić
• Mentor: Lovro Škopljanac (mentor)
• Committee member: Nikica Gilić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tomislav Brlek (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of Comparative literature); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2025-02-14, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Philology; Comparative Literature
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Psychology; Social Psychology

Abstract

Potaknuta razmišljanjima o utjecaju drugih na vlastite stavove, odluke i percepciju sebe samoga, te uvidjevši načine na koje, ako je taj utjecaj prevelik, dovodi do osjećaja otuđenja od vlastitog jastva, ali i obrnuto, napisala sam ovaj diplomski rad. Cilj rada bio je istražiti psihološku agoniju do koje dovodi nesklad između društvenog i individualnog jastva, a koji rezultira otuđenjem i od sebe i od drugih, u književnosti koja zapadnjačkom čovjeku nije toliko bliska. Vođena osobnim... More sklonostima japanskoj kulturi i umjetnosti, odabrala sam tu književnost koja je posebno zanimljiva za promatranje ovog fenomena zbog jakog osjećaja kolektiva i zajednice u njihovoj kulturi, nasuprot individualističkim mislima zapadnih kultura.
U početnim poglavljima rada predstavljena je, prema antipsihijatrijskim učenjima, dioba jastva na ono individualno koje bi bilo naše vlastito, vođeno vlastitim nahođenjima i željama i društveno koje je uvjetovano normama društva i vremena u kojem pojedinac živi. Isprva se promatraju ova dva sebstva i njihovi utjecaji iz zapadnjačke perspektive Ronalda Lainga, a zatim se u komparaciju s njom stavlja tradicionalni istočnjački, odnosno japanski pogled na ovaj fenomen prema Binu Kimuri. Kroz teorijska poglavlja istražuje se i snažan prodor zapadnjačke misli u Japan krajem 19. i tijekom 20. stoljeća i način na koji je ovaj fenomen uzrokovao previranja u psihi pojedinaca koji su se našli suočeni s individualističkom misli zapada nasuprot tradicionalnog japanskog preferiranja kolektiva. Sagledat će se fenomen otuđenja koji je bio neizbježna posljedica integracije individualnih ideologija koje su poljuljale tradicionalne kolektivne ideologije iako su one do tada predstavljale stabilan temelj japanskog društva, kao i jastva njegovih stanovnika.
Fenomen otuđenja zaokupio je interes japanskih književnika početkom i sredinom 20. stoljeća, kada je nastala književna vrsta ja – roman ili autofikcija. Ona je autorima omogućavala da bez zadrške iznose u djelu najintimnije osjećaje, unutarnja previranja i psihološku agoniju uzrokovanu slabljenjem temelja japanskog društva i prodorom zapadnjačke misli, a ipak su mogli zadržati anonimnost jer su likovi, kao i događaji mogli biti fiktivni. Otuđenje u modernoj japanskoj književnosti bit će prikazano na primjerima glavnih likova triju japanskih djela: Kokoro (Natsume Sōseki), Osobno iskustvo (Kenzaburō Ōe) i Nečovjek (Osamu Dazai). Less

Abstract (english)

Inspired by thoughts about the influence of others on one's own attitude and perception of oneself and decisions one makes, and by seeing the ways in which, if this influence is too great, it leads to a feeling of alienation from one's own self, but also vice versa, I wrote this thesis. The aim of the paper was to explore the psychological agony caused by the dissonance between the social and individual self, which results in alienation from both oneself and others, in literature... More that is not so familiar to Western people. Guided by personal preferences for Japanese culture and art, I chose Japanese literature which I find is particularly interesting when it comes to observing this phenomenon due to the strong sense of the collective and the community in their culture in contrast to the individualistic ideology of Western cultures.
In the initial chapters of the paper, the division of the self into the individual, which would be our own, guided by one's own whims and desires, and the social, which is conditioned by the norms of the society and historical era in which the individual lives, is presented according to the teachings of anti – psychiatry. First, these two selves and their influences are observed from Western perspective according to Ronald Laing, and then it is compared to traditional Eastern, or, to be exact, Japanese perspective according to Bin Kimura. The strong penetration of Western thought in Japan in the late 19th and during the 20th century, and the way in which this phenomenon caused turmoil in the psyche of individuals who found themselves confronted with the individualistic thought of the West as opposed to the traditional Japanese preference for the collective is explored in chapters dealing with theory. The phenomenon of alienation, which was an inevitable consequence of the integration of individual ideologies into traditional collective ideologies will be examined. Those traditional collective ideologies had until then represented a stable foundation of Japanese society and were well instilled into the selves of its inhabitants.
The phenomenon of alienation captured the interest of Japanese writers in the early and mid-20th century, when the literary genre of the I – novel or self – fiction emerged. It allowed authors to unreservedly convey the most intimate feelings, inner turmoil and psychological agony caused by the weakening of the foundations of Japanese society and the penetration of Western thought, and yet they could maintain anonymity due to the possible fictionality of characters and events. Alienation in modern Japanese literature will be based on the literary examples of main characters of three Japanese novels: Kokoro by Natsume Sōseki, A Personal Matter by Kenzaburō Ōe and No Longer Human by Osamu Dazai. Less

• Keywords: otuđenje; japanska književnost; ja-roman; autofikcija; osobna fikcija; vlastiti identitet; društveni identitet; Kokoro; Natsume Sōseki; Osobno iskustvo; Kenzaburō Ōe; Nečovjek; Osamu Dazai; ontološka nesigurnost; samoubojstvo; Ronald Laing; Bin Kimura
• Keywords (english): alienation; japanese literature; I-novel; self-fiction; autofiction; personal identity; social identity; Kokoro; Natsume Sōseki; A Personal Matter; Kenzaburō Ōe; No Longer Human; Osamu Dazai; ontological insecurity; suicide; Ronald Laing; Bin Kimura
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:896055
• Study programme: Title: Comparative Literature; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra komparativne književnosti (magistar/magistra komparativne književnosti)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2025-02-17 13:55:22