Socijalni darvinizam - od "opstanka najjačih" do eugenike

master's thesis

• Title (english): Social Darwinism - from the "survival of the fittest" to eugenics
• Author: Andrea Saik
• Mentor: Krešimir Žažar (mentor)
• Committee member: Davorka Matić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Krešimir Žažar (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of Sociology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-23, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Sociology

Abstract

Termin socijalni darvinizam pojavio se u 19. st. nakon što je Charles Darwin objavio „Postanak vrsta putem prirodnog odabira ili očuvanje povlaštenih rasa u borbi za život“ (1859). Nastao je kada su se na društvena pitanja počeli primjenjivati koncepti iz „Postanka vrsta“ kao što su „borba za opstanak“ i „prirodna selekcija“. Socijalni darvinisti smatrali su da društvom vladaju prirodni zakoni, isti oni koji vladaju i životinjskim svijetom, a ljudi se moraju međusobno boriti kako bi opstali i razmnožavali se jer su resursi oskudni, a stanovništva je previše. Opstaju najsposobniji i prenose svoje karakteristike na potomstvo što dovodi do razvoja društva. Ne postoji jedinstven pokret socijalnog darvinizma jer su se s njim povezivali autori koji su zastupali mnogo različitih pozicija i razlikovali se u nekim bitnim karakteristikama. Socijalni se darvinizam kroz povijest optuživao za razna zla, a njegovo spominjanje uvijek izaziva negativne konotacije. Također je bio predmetom mnogih rasprava i oprečnih mišljenja. Ne postoji ujedinjen stav oko toga kako definirati socijalni darvinizam i tko se može smatrati socijalnim darvinistom, te da li se sam Darwin treba smatrati socijalnim darvinistom. Jedan od razloga je dvosmislenost Darwinovih djela iz kojih se selektivnim citiranjem mogu izvoditi različiti zaključci. U ovom je radu, između ostalog, prikazan nastanak socijalnog darvinizma, njegove karakteristike, sličnosti i razlike između socijalnih darvinista, te je analizirana debata oko toga treba li Darwina označavati kao socijalnog darvinista.

Abstract (english)

The term social Darwinism emerged in the 19th century after Charles Darwin published "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life" (1859). It originated when concepts from "Origin of Species", such as "struggle for existence" and "natural selection", were first applied to social issues. Social Darwinists believed that society is governed by natural laws, the same ones that rule the animal world, and humans must struggle to survive and reproduce because resources are scarce and there is too much people. The ones who are fittest survive and pass on their characteristics to offsprings which leads to the development of society. Social Darwinism isn't unique movement because it was associated with authors who represented many different positions and differed in some important characteristics. Social Darwinism has been blamed for various evils throughout history, and it always evokes negative connotations. It has also been the subject of much debate and dissent. There is no consensus on how to define social Darwinism and who can be considered a social Darwinist, or whether Darwin himself should be considered a social Darwinist. One reason for this is the ambiguity of Darwin's works from which different conclusions can be drawn by selective citation. This paper examines, among other things, the emergence of social Darwinism, its characteristics, similarities and differences between social Darwinists, and discusses the debate over whether to label Darwin as a social Darwinist.

• Keywords: socijalni darvinizam; borba za opstanak; prirodna selekcija; Charles Darwin; rasizam
• Keywords (english): social Darwinism; struggle for existence; natural selection; Charles Darwin; racism
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:398750
• Study programme: Title: Sociology (single major); specializations in: Research; Course: Research; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra sociologije (magistar/magistra sociologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-02-11 11:24:08