Neurolingvistički aspekti koartikulacije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Neurolinguistic aspects of coarticulation
• Author: Nera Horvat
• Mentor: Vesna Mildner (mentor)
• Committee member: Marko Liker (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Arnalda Dobrić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vesna Mildner (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of Phonetics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-12-19, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Philology; Phonetics

Abstract

Govor je jedna od najsloženijih čovjekovih vještina i sposobnosti. Koristimo ga u svakodnevnim situacijama i dio je ljudskog intelektualnog i emocionalnog života. Fonacija ili stvaranje glasa je proces u kojem se stvara ton. Ljudski govorni aparat sastoji se od dišnog aparata, grkljana i nadgrkljanskih šupljina. Glasnice su važan dio govornog aparata. Nadgrkljanske šupljine imaju nezaobilaznu ulogu u proizvodnji govora jer služe kao rezonatori. Artikulacija je proces pomaka izgovornih organa tijekom govora s ciljem pojačavanja, prigušivanja i stvaranja govornog zvuka.Govornim pokretima upravlja živčani sustav. Živčani sustav čine živčane stanice – neuroni. Neuron je funkcionalna i strukturna jedinica mozga.Brocino područje važno je za regulaciju govornog ritma, odnosno za motoričko planiranje proizvodnje govora; Wernickeovo područje odgovorno je za razumijevanje govora, no oni nisu jedini koji u tim procesima sudjeluju, s jedne strane, a s druge proizvodnja i percepcija govora nisu im jedine uloge.Koartikulacija je prilagodba oblika govornog trakta u iščekivanju sljedećeg pokreta (anaticipacijska) ili trag prethodnog (perseveracijska).(Ko)artikulacija je više varijabilna kod djece nego kod odraslih te se njezina stabilnost povećava s dobi.Svaki glas ima svoju neuromotoričku reprezentaciju povezanu s mišićima koji trebaju biti aktivirani za njegovu proizvodnju i njihovu prostorno-vremensku koordinaciju.Osim korteksa, bitnu ulogu u motoričkom planiranju i izvršenju govora, imaju insula, mali mozak i talamus. Koartikulacija je pokazatelj uredne motorike u proizvodnji govora. Primjeri (ko)artikulacijskih neurološki oštećena su govorna apraksija, dizartrija i mucanje.

Abstract (english)

Speech is one of the most complex human skills and abilities. We use it in everyday situations and it is part of human intellectual and emotional life. Phonation or voice creation is theprocess in which we create a tone. The human speaking apparatus consists of respiratoryapparatus, larynx and cavities above the larynx. Vocal cords are an important part ofspeaking apparatus. Cavities above the larynx have a crucial role in speech productionbecause they serve as resonators. Articulation is the process of moving our articulatoryorgans during speech with the aim of amplifying, jamming and creating sound. Speakingmovements are controlled by the nervous system. Nervous system consists of neurons. Neuron is astructural and functional unit of the brain. Broca's area is important for speech rhythm andspeech motor planning and Wernicke's area is responsible for speech comprehension but they are not the only areas of the brain involved in speech production or perception and these tasks are far from being their only functions. Coarticulation refers to adjusting thevocal tract while producing a sound in the expectation of the next one(anticipatory coarticulation) or as a trace of the preceding one (perseverative coarticulation). Each soundhas its own neuromotor muscle-associatedrepresentation that needs to be activated for its production and spatial-timingcoordination. Apart from the cortex, an important role in motor planning and speechperformance, have the insula, cerebellum and thalamus. Coarticulation is an indicator of the typical motor and speech production. Some examples of impaired coarticulation may be found in apraxia of speech, dysarthria and stuttering.

• Keywords: proizvodnja govora; anatomija i fizologija izgovora; artikulacija; koartikulacija; neurolingvistički aspekti koartikulacije
• Keywords (english): speech production; anatomy and physiology of speech production; articulation; coarticulation; neurolinguistic aspects of coarticulation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:880534
• Study programme: Title: Phonetics (double major); specializations in: Clinical Phonetics, Rhetoric, General Phonetics; Course: Clinical Phonetics; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra edukacije fonetičar rehabilitator (magistar/magistra edukacije fonetičar rehabilitator)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-01-10 11:40:05