Odnos jezika i društva u strukturalizmu i poststrukturalizmu

master's thesis

• Title (english): The relationship between language and society in structuralism and poststructuralism
• Author: Ana Vidoni
• Mentor: Ankica Čakardić (mentor)
• Mentor: Jelena Vlašić Duić (komentor)
• Committee member: Luka Bogdanić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of Philosophy); Zagreb
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of Phonetics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-02-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Philosophy; Social Philosophy

Abstract

U radu se analizira odnos jezika i društva unutar strukturalizma i poststrukturalizma. Riječ je o dvjema glavnim skupinama teorija koje su obilježile filozofiju i lingvistiku 20. stoljeća. Strukturalizam je teorijski pristup koji identificira obrasce čovjekova ponašanja i opstojnosti u društvenim uređenjima, fokusirajući se mahom na jezik. U radu ćemo uvodno predstaviti glavnog nositelja strukturalizma Ferdinanda de Saussurea koji je odvojio lingvistiku od semiologije i u nauk o jeziku uveo dihotomije. Jedna od osnovnih dihotomija jest jezik – govor, ali za razliku od izdanja Saussureove lingvistike u kojima je vrlo naglašena dominacija jezika nad govorom, posljednji pronađeni Saussureovi rukopisi upućuju na jednaku važnost jezika i govora pri čemu je jezik neka vrsta uopćavanja govora. Kada je riječ o odnosu jezika i društva, Saussure je smatrao da jezik utječe na društvene interakcije, ali i da društvene interakcije utječu na jezik. Na Saussureovim uvidima izgrađen je poststrukturalizam koji dovodi u pitanje kako određena vjerovanja, prihvaćena sama po sebi, zapravo djeluju na jačanje dominacije i moći određenih aktera unutar društvenih odnosa. U poststrukturalističkoj teoriji jezik se smatra središnjim dijelom kruženja diskursa – sustava moći/znanja koji definiraju i reguliraju društvene institucije, discipline i prakse. Tako će se u radu analizirati predstavnici francuske struje poststrukturalističke ideje Claude Lévi-Strauss, Roland Barthes, Louis Althusser, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Pierre Bourdieu, Jacques Lacan, Jacques Derrida i Jean Baudrillard te njihove teze vezane za (su)odnos jezika i društva. U radu će se analizirati i feministička interpretacija strukturalizma na temelju teza i djela Julie Kristeve i Judith Butler.
Poststrukturalizam se, kada je riječ o odnosu jezika i društva, uvelike oslanjao na strukturalizam, ali je kritizirao sosirovske teze te razvio nove načine razmišljanja. Međutim, poststrukturalizam obuhvaća razne autore jer njegove granice nisu jasno definirane, pa teze koje se smatraju poststrukturalističkima nisu nužno jednake među svim autorima i autoricama.

Abstract (english)

This paper analyzes the relationship between language and society within structuralism and poststructuralism which are two main groups of theories that marked the philosophy and linguistics of the 20th century. Structuralism is a theoretical approach that identifies patterns in social arrangements, mainly in language. The main representative of structuralism is the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, who separated linguistics from semiology and reduced language to well-known fundamental dichotomies. However, recently discovered de Saussure's manuscripts suggest that language does not exclude speech, but that one is a generalization of the other. When it comes to the relationship between language and society, de Saussure believed that language affects social interactions, but also that social interactions affect language. Poststructuralism is built on de Saussure's insights. It always questions how certain accepted facts and beliefs work, to strengthen the dominance and power of certain actors within international relations. In post-structuralist theory, language is considered a central part of the circulation of discourses - power/knowledge systems that define and regulate social institutions, disciplines and practices. The paper analyzes the representatives of the French stream of poststructuralist ideas Claude Lévi-Strauss, Roland Barthes, Louis Althusser, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Pierre Bourdieu, Jacques Lacan, Jacques Derrida and Jean Baudrillard and their theses related to the (co)relationship between language and society. The paper also analyzes the feminist interpretation of structuralism, based on the works of Julia Kristeva and Judith Butler.
Therefore, when it comes to the relationship between language and society, post-structuralism relies largly on structuralism, but it criticizes de Saussure's theses and developes alternate ways of thinking. However, poststructuralism encompasses a large variety of authors because its boundaries are not clearly defined, so theses that are considered poststructuralist are not necessarily theses the authors agree upon.

• Keywords: jezik; društvo; strukturalizam; poststrukturalizam
• Keywords (english): language; society; structuralism; poststructuralism
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:588148
• Study programme: Title: Philosophy (double major); specializations in: Teaching, Research; Course: Teaching; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra filozofije (magistar/magistra filozofije)
• Study programme: Title: Phonetics (double major); specializations in: Clinical Phonetics, Rhetoric, General Phonetics, Rhetoric and General Phonetics; Course: Clinical Phonetics; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra edukacije fonetičar rehabilitator (magistar/magistra edukacije fonetičar rehabilitator)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2023-02-28 11:37:59