Sigurnosno-obavještajne prilike na talijansko-jugoslavenskoj granici: primjer Sušaka (1929.-1941.)

master's thesis

• Title (english): Security and Intelligence Conditions at the Italian-Yugoslav Border: the Example of Sušak (1929-1941)
• Author: Ilija Krajinović
• Mentor: Ivica Šute (mentor)
• Committee member: Martin Previšić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivica Šute (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Hrvoje Klasić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of History); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-10-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; History; Croatian and World Modern and Contemporary History

Abstract

Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se prilikama koje su prevladavale na talijansko-jugoslavenskoj granici u razdoblju od 1929. do 1941. godine na području Rijeke i Sušaka. To se razdoblje podudara s vremenom kada je bivša država bila preimenovana u Kraljevinu Jugoslaviju. Budući da su Kraljevine Italija i Jugoslavija većinu međuratnog vremena bile u zategnutim diplomatskim odnosima, može se pretpostaviti da su aktivnosti i potreba kontrole državne granice bile na visokoj razini. To je zahtijevalo posebnu pažnju u obrambenoj i sigurnosno-obavještajnoj politici u obje države na području Rijeke i Sušaka. Istraživanje je provedeno kroz perspektivu mikrohistorije, odnosno povijesti svakodnevice.
Kako bi učvrstila svoje teritorijalno proširenje, Kraljevina Italija vodila je aktivnu obrambenu politiku uz granicu s Jugoslavijom. Obrambena politika uključivala je organizaciju i ulaganje u vojsku, obrambene utvrde uz granicu te česte vojne manevre. Druga točka bila je obavještajni i protuobavještajni rad Italije i Jugoslavije. Obje Kraljevine ulagale su mnogo financijskih sredstava u špijunažu i sprječavanje strane neprijateljske špijunaže. Unatoč velikom naporu da se osigura granica, ipak postoje podatci o ilegalnim prelascima raznih ljudi preko granice. Neki od najčešće navođenih prebjega bile su istarske izbjeglice, protivnici političkih režima, kako u Italiji (antifašisti), tako i u Jugoslaviji (ustaše, komunisti i dr.). Ilegalni prelasci granice uključivali su i krijumčare koji su nelegalno prenosili trgovačku robu, zabranjene knjige i novine, ljude, oružje, streljivo itd. Ipak, građani gradova Rijeke i Sušaka morali su živjeti svoj život. Mnogi ljudi s prebivalištem uz granicu imali su svoju pograničnu kartu, koja nije mogla biti izdana za sve ljude. Pogranične karte izdavane su najčešće trgovcima, školarcima i radnicima koji su morali prelaziti granicu kako bi došli na posao. Kako bi objasnili situaciju na granici Kraljevine Italije i Jugoslavije bit će riječi o životu građana Rijeke i Sušaka te njihove okolice. Povijesna dokumentacija koja je korištena za potrebe istraživanja ovog diplomskog rada nalazi se u Hrvatskom državnom arhivu u Zagrebu.

Abstract (english)

This master's thesis deals with the conditions that prevailed at the Italian-Yugoslav border in the period from 1929 to 1941 in the area of Rijeka and Sušak. This period coincides with the time when the former country was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Since the Kingdoms of Italy and Yugoslavia were in strained diplomatic relations for most of the interwar period, it can be assumed that the activities and the need to control the state border were at a high level. This required special attention in defense, security and intelligence policy in both countries in the area of Rijeka and Sušak. The research was conducted through the perspective of microhistory, that is, the history of everyday life. In order to consolidate its territorial expansion, the Kingdom of Italy conducted an active defense policy along the border with Yugoslavia. The defense policy included the organization and investment in the army, defensive fortifications and frequent military maneuvers along the border. The second point was the intelligence and counterintelligence work of Italy and Yugoslavia. Both Kingdoms invested a great deal of financial resources in espionage and the prevention of foreign enemy espionage. Despite the great effort to secure the border, there are still data on the illegal crossings of various people across the border. Some of the most frequently mentioned defectors were Istrian refugees, opponents of political regimes, both in Italy (anti-fascists) and in Yugoslavia (Ustashas, communists, etc.). Illegal border crossings included smugglers who illegally transported trade goods, banned books and newspapers, people, weapons, ammunition, etc. Nevertheless, the citizens of the cities of Rijeka and Sušak had to live their lives. Many people living near the border had their own border card, which could not be issued to all people. Border cards were issued mostly to merchants, schoolchildren and workers who had to cross the border to get to work. The life of the citizens of Rijeka and Sušak and their surroundings will be discussed in order to explain the situation at the border between the Kingdom of Italy and Yugoslavia. The historical documentation that was used for the purpose of writing this master's thesis is located in the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb.

• Keywords: Rijeka; Sušak; međuratno razdoblje; Italija; Jugoslavija; fašizam; granica; vojska; špijunaža; krijumčarenje
• Keywords (english): Rijeka; Sušak; interwar period; Italy; Yugoslavia; Fascism; border; army; espionage; smuggling
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:026588
• Study programme: Title: History; specializations in: Research, Teaching; Course: Research; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra povijesti (magistar/magistra povijesti)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-11-06 23:08:07