Terminologija hrvatske fortifikacijske arhitekture

master's thesis

• Title (english): Terminology of Croatian Fortification Architecture
• Author: Karla Papeš
• Mentor: Jasenka Gudelj (mentor)
• Mentor: Bernardina Petrović (mentor)
• Committee member: Anđela Frančić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Bernardina Petrović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasenka Gudelj (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of History of Art); Zagreb
• Granter: University of Zagreb; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of Croatian language and literature); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; History of Art; History and Theory of the Fine Arts, Architecture, Urbanism and Visual Communications
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Philology; Croatian Studies

Abstract

Terminologija hrvatske fortifikacijske arhitekture interdisciplinarni je diplomski rad na odsjecima za povijest umjetnosti i kroatistiku. Potreba za ujednačenim nazivljem i jasnim terminima iskazana je u uvodima niza stručnih i znanstvenih publikacija koje se bave fortifikacijskom arhitekturom. Cilj je istražiti terminologiju fortifikacijske arhitekture u hrvatskome jeziku u vrijeme gradnje novoga tipa utvrda između XVI. i XVIII. stoljeća, kada nastaju prvi hrvatski rječnici i najznačajnija djela starije hrvatske književnosti. Novi tip fortifikacija djelo je renesansnoga graditeljstva i nove ratne strategije. Krajem XV. stoljeća nova se teorijska rješenja, graditeljski oblici i terminologija šire srednjom i zapadnom Europom. U XVI. stoljeću dolazi do procvata traktata o fortifikacijama čemu je prethodilo usavršavanje tiskarske tehnologije i promjena načina ratovanja zahvaljujući usavršavanju vatrenoga oružja. Način gradnje i oblici utvrđivanja postajali su sve ovisniji o razvoju oružja i taktici napadača, a vojska je postala sve brojnija i skuplja. Nove fortifikacije postaju strogo određena funkcionalna cjelina čija su temeljna pravila gradnje ovisila o znanstvenim disciplinama. Hrvatsko se plemstvo bavilo vojnom arhitekturom prije svega iz potrebe obrane, najviše od Osmanlija. Ratovi s Osmanlijama bili su popraćeni velikim i sustavnim pustošenjima što je uzrokovalo pomicanje stanovništva. Hrvatski etnički i jezični prostor podijelio se na krajeve pod kršćanskom vlasti i krajeve pod osmanskom okupacijom. U krajevima pod kršćanskom vlasti ključnu je ulogu u razvoju hrvatskoga jezika imao isusovački red. Od XVI. stoljeća u hrvatskom općem leksiku moguće je pratiti razvoj većine osnovnih leksičko-semantičkih odnosa te se naziru temelji oblikovanja strukovnih i znanstvenih nazivlja. Stoga su iz povijesnoumjetničke literature prikupljeni termini fortifikacijske arhitekture koji su pretraživani u odabranim povijesnim i općim rječnicima hrvatskoga jezika od XVI. do XXI. stoljeća. Nakon istraživanja sastavljen je prijedlog leksikografske obrade termina hrvatske fortifikacijske arhitekture.

Abstract (english)

Terminology of Croatian Fortification Architecture is an interdisciplinary master degree paper of double major program at the Department of Art History and the Department of Croatian language and literature. A necessity for equivalent expressions in terminology and creation of precise terms is expressed in prefaces of a number of scientific papers on fortification architecture. The aim of this paper is to analyze the terminology of fortification architecture in Croatian in the period of a new type of fortifications between the 16th and the 18th century, which is also a period of publications of the first Croatian dictionaries and the most significant works of the older Croatian literature. This new fortification type is created by the renaissance engineers and represents a new warfare strategy. By the end of the 15th century new theoretical solutions, construction forms and terminology are spread over west and middle Europe. Due to the improvement of printing press and the modifications of warfare as a consequence of the improvement of firearms, the 16th century had seen the bloom of treatise on fortification architecture. The construction methods and fortification forms started to depend more on the development of firearms and tactics. The army became larger in numbers and therefore more expensive. The new fortifications became strictly specified functional complexes whose main construction principles depended on scientific disciplines. Croatian nobility was interested in military architecture primarily as a means of defence against the The Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman wars caused devastations and migrations. The Croatian ethnic and linguistic space was divided between regions under Christian rule and those under Ottoman occupation. The essential role in the development of the Croatian language played the Jesuit order. By the end of the 16th century it had been possible to observe the development of the most of lexical semantic relations as well as the foundation of vocational and scientific terminologies. This paper analyses corpus of fortification architecture terms which were collected in the selected Croatian dictionaries from the period between 16th and 21st century. The conducted study resulted in the suggestion of lexicographical systematisation of Croatian fortification architecture.

• Keywords: arhitektura; fortifikacija; nazivlje; rječnik; terminologija; utvrda
• Keywords (english): architecture; dictionary; engineering; fort; fortification; nomenclature; terminology
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:786576
• Study programme: Title: Art History; specializations in: Research, Teaching; Course: Research; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra povijesti umjetnosti (magistar/magistra povijesti umjetnosti)
• Study programme: Title: Croatian Language and Literature; specializations in: Linguistics, Literature, Teaching; Course: Linguistics; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra hrvatskog jezika i književnosti (magistar/magistra hrvatskog jezika i književnosti)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-10-31 11:48:35