| Abstract | S ciljem da ne budu uvučene u ratne sukobe za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata neke su europske
države proglasile neutralnost. Da bi ostvarile ulogu promatrača, a ne i aktivnog sudionika rata,
većina je samoproglašenih neutralnih država vidjela šansu u vlastitim resursima te plasiranjem
robe i sirovina na “gladno” tržite. Neke od njih, poput Irske, uspjele su potpuno sačuvati svoj
integritet i teritorijalnu neovisnost, a da gotovo nisu sudjelovale u ratu ili bile uvučene u interesne
odnose (unatoč nekim provokacijama), dok, recimo, Švedska nije prezala od pregovaranja s
nacistima s kojima je, štoviše, razvila izrazito plodan tgovinski odnos, što je bila njihova cijena
neutralnosti. Španjolci su nakon građanskog rata zazirali od svakog novog sukoba, tako da su po
hitnim postupkom proglasili neutralnost, dok je poslovična Švicarska svoju neutralnost branila
zaštitom svog bogatstva, te se pokazala velikim zalogajem za bilo kojeg okupatora. S druge strane
Portugal je, poput Švedske, za vrijeme krvavog rata zadržao status neutralne zemlje uz pomoć
trgovine, i to volframom, važnom sirovinom koja je trebala svim zaraćenim stranama. No,
činjenica je da ni jedna neutralna zemlja nije bila potpuno lišena ratnih zbivanja, a da nije bila
nekin dijelom sudionikom rata. Evidentno je da su zajedničke karakteristike većine europskih
neutralnih zemalja poput Portugala, Španjolske, Švicarske i Švedske za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog
rata bili trgovinski odnosi s obje zaraćene strane koje su održavali za vrijeme trajanja cijelog rata,
te spremnost vojske u slučaju eventualnog napada. |
| Abstract (english) | With the aim of not being drawn into the conflicts of war during World War II, some European
countries declared neutrality. To achieve the role of observer rather than an active participant in
the war, most self-proclaimed neutral states saw an opportunity in their own resources and by
placing goods and raw materials on the "hungry" market. Some of them, like Ireland, managed to
completely preserve their integrity and territorial independence without almost participating in the
war or being drawn into interest relations (despite some provocations), while, say, Sweden did not
stop from negotiating with the Nazis with which, moreover, it developed a highly fertile
relationship, which was their price of neutrality. After the civil war, spaniards were wary of any
new conflict, so they declared neutrality by emergency, while the proverbial Switzerland defended
its neutrality by protecting its wealth and proved to be a big bite for any occupier. On the other
hand, Portugal, like Sweden, maintained the status of a neutral country during the bloody war with
the help of trade, with tungsten, an important raw material that all warring parties needed.
But the fact is that no neutral country was completely deprived of war time and was not part
participant in the war. It is evident that the common characteristics of most european neutral
countries such as Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and Sweden during World War II were trade
relations with both warring parties that they maintained for the duration of the war, and the
military's readiness in the event of an eventual attack. |
