Медея в произведениях русских женщин-писательниц ХХ-oго века

master's thesis

• Title (english): Medea in the works of the 20th century Russian female writers
• Author: Željka Gligora
• Mentor: Danijela Lugarić Vukas (mentor)
• Committee member: Jasmina Vojvodić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of East Slavic languages and literatures); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Philology; Slavic Studies

Abstract

Ciljevi su ovog diplomskog rada višestruki: dokazati da mitovi, kao dio književnosti i kulture, sudjeluju u procesu konstrukcije i dekonstrukcije rodnih stereotipa; kroz određenje „ženske književnosti“, kao polja određenog svjesnošću o rodnoj konstrukciji kulture i dekonstrukcijom tradicionalnih rodnih stereotipa, analizirati odabrane priče suvremenih ruskih spisateljica Lj. Petruševske i Lj. Ulicke (Medeja – Medeja, Medeja i njezina djeca – Medeja i ee deti); te, konačno, pokazati kako spomenute spisateljice suvremene ruske književnosti 20. stoljeća koriste mit o Medeji kako bi ukazale na kulturološko-književnu i povijesnu utemeljenost rodnih stereotipa. Prije same analize u radu se objašnjavaju pojmovi mita i mitologije te načini na koje oni odražavaju kulturu i samim time u sebi pohranjuju kulturne konstrukte, osobito kada je riječ o rodnim stereotipima muškosti i ženstvenosti. Također se predstavlja originalni grčki mit o Medeji te u kratkim crtama objašnjava kako se on prenosio i utjecao na književnost i kulturu.
Nadalje, u radu se ukazuje na poveznicu između društvenih promjena u ruskom društvu 20. stoljeća te pojave ženskih spisateljica i „ženske književnosti“ te kako su te promjene i pojave utjecale na žensko pismo i ženski pogled na pitanje roda. Navedene spisateljice i njihova djela javljaju se dijelom svega navedenoga jer se u njihovim dijelovima rodna dekonstrukcija važan element kompozicije. U Medeji Ljudmile Petruševske predstavlja se razrušena slika tradicionalne obitelji i žene u Rusiju krajem 20. stoljeća, uspostavlja se autorska verzija Medeje te perpetuira ideja da je svaka žena sposobna biti Medeja ako se nađe u okolnostima koje je postave u takvu poziciju. U djelu Ljudmile Ulicke u potpunosti se odbacuje premisa Medeje kao ubojice svoje djece time što se glavnoj junakinji oduzima mogućnost rađanja. Polazeći od te premise, Ulicka stvara sve ženske junakinje na drugačiji način: svaka od njih nekim dijelom utjelovljuje tradicionalne muške uzorke ponašanja te se tako ruše obilježja koja tradicionalno pripadaju muškom i ženskom rodu. Ljudmila Petruševskaja kroz svoju još okrutniju verziju Medeje daje društveni komentar na razrušeno društvo i jedinu verziju ženstvenosti koja je rezultat toga istoga društva, dok Ljudmila Ulicka stvara vlastiti mikro svemir u kojemu ruši tipične muško-ženske odnose suptilno dajući likovima osobine suprotnog roda.

Abstract (english)

The objectives of this thesis are multiple: to prove that myths, as part of literature and culture, take part in the process of construction and deconstruction of gender stereotypes; to analyze selected stories of contemporary Russian writers L. Petrushevskaya and L. Ulitskaya (Medea - Medea, Medea and her children - Medea i ee deti) through the definition of “women’s literature”, as a field determined by the awareness of the gender construction of culture and the deconstruction of traditional gender stereotypes; and, finally, to show how the aforementioned writers of contemporary 20th-century Russian literature use the myth of Medea to point out the cultural-literary and historical underpinnings of gender stereotypes. Before the analysis, the paper explains the concepts of myth and mythology and how they reflect the culture and thus store cultural constructs, especially with gender stereotypes of masculinity and femininity. It also introduces the original Greek myth of Medea and briefly explains how it was transmitted and influenced literature and culture. Furthermore, the paper points out the connection between social changes in 20th-century Russian society and the emergence of female writers and “women’s literature” and how these changes and phenomena have affected women’s writing and women’s views on gender issues. These writers and their works appear as part of all the above because in their works gender deconstruction is an important element of the composition. Lyudmila Petrushevskaya’s Medea presents a shattered image of the traditional family and woman in Russia at the end of the 20th century, establishes an author’s version of Medea and perpetuates the idea that every woman can be Medea if she finds herself in such a position. In Lyudmila Ulitskaya’s work, the premise of Medea as the killer of her children is completely rejected by depriving the main character of the possibility of giving birth. Starting from this premise, Ulitskaya creates her female heroines differently: each of them embodies traditional male patterns of behaviour and demolish features that traditionally belong to the masculine and feminine genders. Lyudmila Petrushevskaya through her even more cruel version of Medea gives social commentary on the destroyed society and the only version of femininity that results from that same society, while Lyudmila Ulitskaya creates her own micro-universe in which she destroys typical male-female relationships by subtly giving characters the opposite gender.

• Keywords: rod; rodni stereotipi; dekonstrukcija; ženska proza; mit; Medeja; Lj. Petruševskaja; Lj. Ulickaja
• Keywords (english): gender; gender stereotypes; deconstruction; women's literature; myth; Medea; L. Petrushevskaya; L. Ulitskaya
• Language: russian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:544507
• Study programme: Title: Russian Language and Literature (double major); specializations in: Teaching, Translation; Course: Translation; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra rusistike (magistar/magistra rusistike)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-09-23 07:47:23