Između nadzora i funkcionalnosti: arhitektura Zavoda za umobolne u Stenjevcu

Scientific paper - Review paper

• Title (english): Between supervision and functionality: the architecture of the Institute for the Insane in Stenjevec
• Author: Vinko Drača
• Author's institution: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of History)
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; History; Croatian and World Modern and Contemporary History

Abstract (croatian)

Ovaj rad promatra arhitekturu Kraljevskog i zemaljskog zavoda za umobolne u Stenjevcu tijekom njegove izgradnje i prvih godina postojanja. Doba od samog otvaranja zavoda 1879. do kraja Prvoga svjetskog rata bilo je obilježeno brojnim adaptacijama i proširenjima originalnih kapaciteta. Rad pokazuje kako su ta proširenja odražavala postojeće paradigme zavodske arhitekture u drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća. Arhitektura je, pod utecajem Pinelova moral treatmenta kao primarnoga terapeutskog pristupa duševnim bolestima u 19. stoljeću, bila smatrana sredstvom izlječenja i njezina se terapeutska važnost u okviru psihijatrije nije dovodila u pitanje. Dok su rani primjeri arhitekture psihijatrijskih bolnica mnogo posuđivali od zatvora i bili prilagođeni nadzoru nad duševno oboljelima (primjer je bečki Narrenturm), kasniji planovi poput linearnog i separatnog (paviljonskog) nastojali su istodobno povećati učinkovitost nadzora, djelovati terapeutski i odgovoriti na neke praktične potrebe sve napučenijih zavoda. Stenjevački zavod, koji je projektirao bečki arhitekt Kuno Waidmann, nastao je upravo na prijelazu između linearnog i separatnog tipa te je, originalno zamišljen kao linearni tip institucije, kasnijim dograđivanjima pretvoren u zavod separatnog ili paviljonskog tipa.

Abstract (english)

This paper reviews the architecture of the Royal National Institute for the Insane in Stenjevec during its construction and the first years of its existence. Since the opening of the Institute in 1879 until the end of the World War I, there were numerous adaptations and extensions of the original capacities. The paper shows how these extensions reflected the existing paradigm of the institutional architecture in the second half of the 19th century. Architecture, under the influence of Pinel’s “moral treatment” as a primary therapeutic approach to mental illnesses in the 19th century, was considered to be a remedy and its therapeutic importance in the context of psychiatry was not questioned. While early examples of the architecture of psychiatric hospitals copied prison construction and were adapted to control the mentally ill (e.g., the Viennese “Narrenturm”), later plans, such as linear and separate (pavilion), sought to simultaneously increase control effectiveness, act therapeutically and respond to some practical needs of the more crowded institutes. The Stenjevec Institute, designed by the Viennese architect Kuno Waidmann, was created exactly at the transition between the lin-ear and the separate type. The institute, originally conceived as a linear type of institution, was later transformed into a separate or pavilion type institute.

• Keywords (croatian): arhitektura; povijest psihijatrije; Stenjevec; medicina; ludilo
• Keywords (english): architecture; history of psychiatry; Stenjevec; medicine; mental illness
• Language: croatian
• Publication type: Scientific paper - Review paper
• Publication status: Published
• Peer review: Peer review
• Publication version: Published version
• Journal title: Acta medico-historica Adriatica
• Numbering: vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 303-318
• p-ISSN: 1334-4366
• e-ISSN: 1334-6253
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.31952/amha.16.2.8
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:417052
• Publication: 2018
• Document URL: http://www.amha-journal.com/index.php/AMHA/article/view/566
• Type of resource: Text
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-03-10 09:55:49