Neurološka osnova disleksije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Neurological basis of dyslexia
• Author: Karla Macan
• Mentor: Vlasta Erdeljac (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivana Simeon (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Martina Sekulić Sović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of Linguistics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-23, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Philology; General Linguistics

Abstract

Disleksija je jezično utemeljeni poremećaj u učenju koji se primarno očituje nedostatnom sposobnošću čitanja. Utvrđeno je kako ima značajnu genetsku podlogu, a točna neurobiološka osnova još je uvijek predmet istraživanja čiji se zaključci često ne slažu. Zbog toga još uvijek ne postoji jedna cjelovita teorija o uzrocima nastanka ovog poremećaja. Regije mozga koje se primarno istražuju jesu prefrontalni korteks, temporoparijetalne regije i okcipitotemporalna područja. Teorija iza koje stoji najviše empirijskih dokaza jest teorija fonološkog deficita koja pretpostavlja značajne nedostatke u procesu fonološke obrade. Taj proces obuhvaća fonološku svjesnost, fonološko imenovanje i fonološko pamćenje kao dio radnog pamćenja. Teorija deficita vizualnog sustava objašnjava nastanak poremećaja čitanja oštećenjem vizualnog sustava mozga pri čemu osobe s disleksijom percipiraju vizualne informacije sporije od osoba tipičnih sposobnosti čitanja. Magnocelularna teorija nudi objašnjenje za vizualni deficit te ga objedinjuje s auditivnim i ostalim senzornim deficitima u okviru osjetljivosti magnocelularnih neurona koji sačinjavaju dorzalni tok prijenosa informacija specijaliziran za brzu vremensku obradu vizualnih i auditivnih podražaja. Teorija dvojnog deficita obuhvaća nedostatnu fonološku obradu i smanjenu sposobnost brzog automatskog imenovanja, kao dva odvojena, ali istovremeno djelujuća, uzroka disleksije. Naposljetku, cerebelarna teorija pretpostavlja blagi nedostatak u funkciji maloga mozga, regije specijalizirane za motoričke radnje i automatizaciju naučenih radnji.

Abstract (english)

Dyslexia is a language based learning disability which is primarily manifested as a deficit in reading. The learning difficulty is significantly genetically based, and its exact neurobiological basis is still an object of research. Research conclusions often show contradictory results, which is why integral theory that would explain all the causes of dyslexia is still not formed. Brain regions which are primarily examined are prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal regions and occipitotemporal areas. Theory that is by far the most supported by empirical evidence is the theory of phonological deficit. This theory suggests that difficulties in phonological processing, which consists of phonological awarness, phonological naming and phonological memory as a part of the worknig memory, are the cause of dyslexia. The visual deficit theory explains the cause of dyslexia through impairment of the visual system of the brain. As the consequence of impairment, people with dyslexia process visual stimuli slower than people with typical reading skills. Magnocellular theory offers an explanation for the visual deficit and connects it to the auditory and general sensory deficits in the framework of sensitivity of magnocellular neurons. Magnocellular neurons constitute an information flow path specialized for rapid temporal processing of the visual and auditory stimuli. The double deficit theory unites the phonological deficit and difficulties in rapid automatized naming as the two separate, but simultaneously occuring, causes of dyslexia. Lastly, the cerebellar theory suggests mild impairment in the function of the cerebellum, a region specialised for motor actions and automatization of learned abilities.

• Keywords: disleksija; regije fonološke obrade; magnocelularni neuroni; vizualni deficit; slušna obrada; cerebelum
• Keywords (english): dyslexia; phonological processing regions; magnocellular neurons; visual deficit; auditory processing; cerebellum
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:948789
• Study programme: Title: Linguistics (double major); specializations in: General Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics, Computational Linguistics, Aplied Linguistics and Cognitive Linguistics, Cognitive; Course: Cognitive; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra lingvistike (magistar/magistra lingvistike)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-09-30 09:35:04