Odraz židovske kulture u modernoj književnosti na jidišu od klasika jidiš književnosti do dobitnika Nobelove nagrade za književnost

master's thesis

• Title (english): The reflection of Jewish culture in modern Yiddish literature from the classics of Yiddish literature to the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature
• Author: Andrija Vrdoljak
• Mentor: Michal Brandl (mentor)
• Committee member: Michal Brandl (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Anita Fiket (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mateja Mirković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of Hungarology, Turkology and Judaism); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-08, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Humanistic Studies

Abstract

Židovska kultura ima svoje izvore prvotno u vjerskim djelima kao što su Tanah, midraši, Talmud te kabalistička djela i ostatak rabinske literature koja je pisana na hebrejskome i ara-mejskome. Svjetovna književnost aškenaskih Židova je pisana na jidišu, kombinaciji njemačkoga jezika s riječima iz hebrejskoga te s nekim romanizmima i slavizmima. Moderna književnost je na jidišu dala niz plodnih autora počevši od klasičnoga trija (Šolem Alejhem, Mojher Sforim i Jichok Leib Perec) do nobelovca Isaaka Baševisa Singera. Ova književnost je svoj procvat doživjela među Židovima na području bivšega Ruskoga Carstva i Austrougarske; to područje takozvani “Jidišland”, gdje se jidiš govorio i njegovao, odnosno od današnje Estonije do europskoga dijela Rusije, zapadne Ukrajine te Rumunjske, Slovačke i Poljske. Mnogi gradovi su imali svoje značaje za židovsku kulturu: litvanska prijestolnica Vilnius je slovila kao Jeruzalem sjevera, a zapadnoukrajinski Černovci upamćen je po konferenciji gdje se jidiš proglasio nacionalnim jezikom Židova, a popriličan broj bjeloruskih gradova su bili većinski židovski do Drugoga svjetskoga rata. Poslije kratkoga pregleda razvoja povijesti književnosti na jidišu u 19. i 20. stoljeću, antologijski će se analizirati teme određenih autora. Neki su pisali satire nadahnuti povijesnim temama iz srednjega vijeka, neki teme iz Biblije i postbiblijske literature, a poneki suvremenim temama prije svega o životu u štetlu, trpljenju pogroma te posljedicama koje su doživjeli u tijeku i poslije Holokausta. Na kraju sagledavši odabrane teme od svakoga autora, sagledat će se značaj moderne književnosti na jidišu za židovsku kulturu.

Abstract (english)

Jewish culture has its origins primarily in religious works such as the Tanach, midrash, Talmud and Kabbalistic works and the rest of the rabbinic literature written in Hebrew and Aramaic. The world literature of Ashkenazi Jews is written in Yiddish, a mixture of German with words from Hebrew and with some Romanisms and Slavisms. Modern literature in Yiddish has produced a number of prolific authors, starting with the classic trio (Sholem Aleichem, Moykher Sforim and Isaac Leib Peretz) to the Nobel laureate Isaac Bashevis Singer. The mentioned literature flourished among Jews in the territory of the former Russian Empire and Austria-Hungary; that area, the so-called Yiddishland, where Yiddish was spoken and nurtured, i.e. from today's Estonia to the European part of Russia, western Ukraine and Romania, Slovakia and Poland. Many cities had their own significance for Jewish culture: the Lithuanian capital Vilnius was known as the Jerusalem of the North, and the western Ukrainian city of Chernivtsi was remembered for the conference where Yiddish was declared the national language of the Jews, and quite a few Belarusian cities were predominantly Jewish until the Second World War. After a brief overview of the development of the history of Yiddish literature in the 19th and 20th centuries, we will look at the anthological themes of certain authors. Some wrote satires inspired by historical themes from the Middle Ages, some by themes from the Bible and post-biblical literature, and some by contemporary themes, primarily about life in the shtetl, suffering pogroms and the consequences they experienced during and after the Holocaust. At the end, looking at selected topics from each author, the significance of modern literature in Yiddish for Jewish culture will be reviewed.

• Keywords: jidiš; judaizam; židovska književnost; aškenaski Židovi; židovski folklor; hasidizam; mesijanizam
• Keywords (english): Yiddish; Judaism; Jewish literature; Ashkenazi Jews; Jewish folklore; Hasidism; messianism
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:188132
• Study programme: Title: Judaic Studies; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra judaistike (magistar/magistra judaistike)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-07-12 08:58:25