Kantova Kritika čistog uma kao transcendentalno utemeljenje metafizike

master's thesis

• Title (english): Kant's Critique of Pure Reason ad Transcendental Foundation of Metaphysics
• Author: Hrvoje Baksa
• Mentor: Igor Mikecin (mentor)
• Committee member: Ljudevit Fran Ježić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Tokić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Igor Mikecin (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of Philosophy); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Philosophy

Abstract

U radu se pokušava izložiti osnovne momente Kritike čistog uma kao filozofskog projekta transcendentalnog utemeljenja metafizike. Ideja tog projekta uvedena je u filozofsko mišljenje pod imenom kopernikanskog obrata u filozofiji kod kojega se, umjesto određenosti naše spoznaje objektima, sama spoznajna moć subjekta sagledava u njenom konstitutivnom karakteru za mogućnost objekata spoznaje. Središnje pitanje na koje je transcendentalno istraživanje usmjereno jest mogućnost metafizičke spoznaje kao spoznaje o predmetima a priori, pitanje koje Kant oblikuje u ono o mogućnosti sintetičkih sudova a priori. U tu svrhu izlaže se Kantovo shvaćanje strukturalnih elemenata a priori spoznaje koju omogućuju razum i osjetilnost kao dvije autonomne spoznajne moći. Čisti pojmovi razuma i prostorno-vremenska forma osjetilnosti predstavljaju a priori strukture spoznaje kojima se uvjetuje mogućnost svakog predmeta za nas. S obzirom na konačnost ljudske spoznaje, razum je svojim pojmovima nužno upućen na sadržaj zrenja kao ono jedino na što može primijeniti svoje pojmove i na taj način proizvesti spoznaje, a zrenje daje predmete samo pod a priori uvjetima osjetilnosti. Razum i osjetilnost tako u jedinstvu pružaju spoznaju a priori, koja se zbog uvjeta osjetilnosti ograničava na predmete mogućeg iskustva. Transcendentalno stajalište se oblikuje tako da se apriorne strukture spoznajnih moći subjekta otkrivaju kao one kojima se konstituira predmetni bitak mogućih predmeta, tako da se a priori spoznaje samo predmet mogućeg iskustva prema formi koju zadobiva u našoj spoznaji. Transcendentalni subjekt shvaćen u svojoj osnovi kao samosvjesno Ja otkriva se kao izvorište predmetnosti predmeta.

Abstract (english)

This paper is trying to display basic moments of Critique of Pure Reason as a philosophical project of transcendental foundation of metaphysics. The idea of this project has been introduced in philosophical thinking under the name of Copernican revolution in philosophy, in which instead of our cognition being determined by its objects, the cognizing power of subject itself is seen in its constitutive character for the possibility of objects of cognition. Central question on which transcendental inquiry is directed is possibility of metaphysical cognition as cognition of objects a priori, the question which Kant formulates as that of possibility of synthetic judgements a priori. For that reason, paper displays Kant’s understanding of structural elements of cognition a priori which is itself enabled by understanding and sensibility as two autonomous cognitive powers. The pure concepts of understanding and spacio-temporal form of sensibility represent a priori structures of our cognition, which are conditions of possibility of every object for us. In respect to finitude of human cognition, understanding is with its concepts necessarily directed to content of intuition as the only mean on which it can apply its concepts and therefore produce cognition, and intuition gives objects to us only under the a priori conditions of sensibility. Understanding and sensibility are producing cognition a priori only in their unity, and that cognition is by means of sensibility limited on the objects of possible experience. Transcendental standpoint is formed in such manner in which a priori structures of subject's cognizing powers are discovered as that by means of which the objective being of possible objects is being constituted, so that it is only object of possible experience in its form given by our cognizing powers that is a priori cognizable. Transcendental subject understood in its foundation as self-conscious I is discovered as source of objecthood of objects.

• Keywords: metafizika; transcendentalno utemeljenje; kopernikanski obrat; pojava; predmet; samosvijest
• Keywords (english): metaphysics; transcendental foundation; Copernican revolution; phenomenon; object; self-consciousness
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:418923
• Study programme: Title: Philosophy (single major); specializations in: Research; Course: Research; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra filozofije (magistar/magistra filozofije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2019-11-19 13:46:03