Popis domaćinstava iz 1598. godine kao izvor za socio-ekonomsku povijest Slavonskog Kraljevstva

master's thesis

• Title (english): Tax Conscription from 1598 as a Historical Source for the Social and Economic History of the Slavonian Kingdom
• Author: Marko Balaško
• Mentor: Nataša Štefanec (mentor)
• Committee member: Zrinka Blažević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nataša Štefanec (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Kornelija Jurin Starčević (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of History); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-02-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; History; Early Croatian and World History

Abstract

Porezni popis iz 1598. je važan izvor za socio-ekonomsku povijest Slavonskog Kraljevstva. Prikupljajući podatke iz popisa i analizirajući ih, moguće je odrediti ekonomske i demografske promjene tijekom osmanskih ratova. Godine 1598., na području Slavonskog Kraljevstva, je živjelo oko 100.000 ljudi. Kraljevstvo je bilo podjeljeno na tri županije. Najnapučenija je bila Varaždinska, slijedila ju je Zagrebačka, a najmanje je stanovnika imala Križevačka županija. Osmanske provale i pljačke bili su glavni razlozi za manju napućenost Zagrebačke i Križevačke županije, s obzirom da su se obje nalazile na samoj granici s Osmanskim Carstvom. S druge strane, Varaždinska je županija bila donekle zaštićena te je bila gušće napućena i imala bolje ekonomske uvjete u ranom novom vijeku.
Različite su društvene kategorije naseljavale Slavonsko Kraljevstvo, ali su koloni i inkvilini bili kvantitativno dominantni. Dok su inkvilini bili dominantna društvena kategorija Varaždinske županije, u ostale dvije županij tu su poziciju zauzimali koloni. Većina ostalih društvenih kategorija živjela je na području Varaždinske županije te je ista bila svojeversni ekonomski raj u Slavonskom Kraljevstvu.
Pozicija žena ovisila je o njihovom društvenom statusu. Dok je skoro svaki četvrti vlastelin bila žena, u nižim kategorijama su žene činile manji udio kućedomaćina, odnosno svaki deseti kućedomaćin bila je žena. Većina su bile udovice, koje su iostale s maloljetnom djecom ili su njihova djeca već formirala svoje zasebne obitelji.
Oko 75% naselja Slavonskog Kraljevstva postoje i naseljana su i danas. Najveći gubitak naselja primjetan je na području oko Sv. Ivana Zeline i porječju Kupe. Najviše su na to utjecale osmanske provale i pljačke. Gubitak naselja u Varaždinskoj županije posljedica je drugačijih zbivanja, a najvažniji razlog je preseljenje stanovništva s brda u nizine. Kvaliteta tla u nizinama je također bila ključna za povećanje stanovništva, pa je tako Varaždinska županije u isto vrijeme imala povećanje stanovništva, ali i gubitak starih naselja.

Abstract (english)

Tax conscription of Slavonian Kingdom from 1598 is an important historical source for the social and economic history of the Slavonian Kingdom. By collecting data from the source and analyzing them, it is possible to determine the economic and demographic changes during the Ottoman wars. There were approximately 100.000 people living in 1598 on the territory of the Slavonian Kingdom. The kingdom itself was divided in three parts called counties (županija). The most populous was the Varaždin County, followed by the Zagreb County and the Križevci County. Ottoman attacks and looting were the key reason for the lesser density of Zagreb and Križevci County, since they were situated on the border with the Ottoman Empire. On the other hand, Varaždin County was somehow protected and had, therefore, higher density of population and better economic conditions during early modern period.
There were numerous social categories living on the territory of the Slavonian Kingdom, with serfs (colonus) and inquilinus as dominant. While two of the counties had higher population of serfs, the category called inquilinus was dominant social category in the Varaždin County. Most of other categories also lived in the said county, which had become the economic safe haven within the Slavonian Kingdom.
Position of women varied according to their social status. While approximately every fourth noble owner was a female, in lower social categories less women were counted as homeowners as every 10th homeowner was a female. Most of them were widows, who were either left with underage children, or were old and their children had already formed independent families.
Approximately 75% of settlements in Slavonian Kingdom still exist and are inhabited. The most apparent loss of settlements was experienced around Sveti Ivan Zelina and river Kupa valley. It was mostly the consequence of Ottoman raids and attacks. The loss of settlements in Varaždin County had other reasons, and the most important was the resettling of population from hills to the valleys. The soil in valleys was of better quality which was essential for the growth of population. Thus, while experiencing population growth, Varaždin County had at the same time lost a number of its ancient settlements.

• Keywords: porez; popis; 1598.; Slavonsko Kraljevstvo; Varaždinska županija; Zagrebačka županija; Križevačka županija; socijalna historija; ekonomska historija; demografija; rodna historija
• Keywords (english): Tax; Conscription; 1598; Slavonian Kingdom; Varaždin County; Zagreb County; Križevci County; Social History; Economic History; Demography; Gender History
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:475486
• Study programme: Title: History; specializations in: Research, Teaching; Course: Teaching; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra edukacije povijesti (magistar/magistra edukacije povijesti)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-03-02 12:51:30