Harpokratov kult u X. italskoj regiji, Dalmaciji i Panoniji

master's thesis

• Title (english): The Cult of Harpokrates in tenth Italic region, Dalmatia and Pannonia
• Author: Klara Petroci
• Mentor: Inga Vilogorac Brčić (mentor)
• Committee member: Jasmina Osterman (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Boris Olujić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; (Department of History); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; History; Ancient History

Abstract

Izidini kultovi u provincijama prihvaćeni su kada su stekli status službene religije u Carstvu. U X. italskoj regiji, Dalmaciji i Panoniji to je potvrđeno velikim brojem spomenika. Dokazi o postojanju Izidinog kulta u Dalmaciji datiraju se u drugu polovicu 1. stoljeća poslije Krista. Harpokrat je u X. italskoj regiji, Dalmaciji i Panoniji prihvaćen zajedno s Izidom. Brojnost nalaza u X. italskoj regiji, Dalmaciji i Panoniji svjedoči o njegovoj važnosti i popularnosti. X. italska regija dominira brojem i kvalitetom spomenika. U svim područjima dominiraju sitni svakodnevni predmeti kao što su kipovi manjih dimenzija, svjetiljke, geme i amuleti koji potvrđuje privatni kontekst štovanja Harpokrata. Na Harpokratov se kult, dakle, treba gledati kao na kult privatnog karaktera, neodvojivog od Izidinog. Unatoč raznovrsnim Harpokratovim prikazima, neki simboli su učestaliji. U X. regiji i Dalmaciji Harpokrat na glavi najčešće nosi lotosov cvijet ili krunu pśent, a u Panoniji krunu s perima. Prema, za sada pronađenim natpisima, vidljivo je da su Harpokratovi sljedbenici bili muškarci. Potvrđeno je devet Harpokratovih sljedbenika. Služba se može iščitati samo četvorici dedikanata. Kao i u čitavom Carstvu, ni u X. italskoj regiji, Dalmaciji i Panoniji za sada nije pronađeno ni jedno Harpokratovo svetište. Harpokrat je štovan u privatnom kontekstu i najvjerojatnije, nije imao vlastite hramove. Ipak, može se pretpostaviti da je štovan u Izidinim svetištima. Iako se u X. italskoj regiji pojedini spomenici datiraju već u 1. stoljeće prije Krista, više je onih koji su datirani u 2. ili 3. stoljeće. U isto razdoblje datirano je više spomenika u Dalmaciji i Panoniji, što je u skladu s vremenom u kojem egipatski kultovi u tim provincijama doživljavaju „zlatno doba“. Zaključno, u X. italskoj regiji nalazimo najstarije spomenike visoke kvalitete izrade. Harpokratovi spomenici nađeni su u gotovo čitavoj X. regiji, a najveći broj nađen je u Emoni i Akvileji.

Abstract (english)

Although Harpocrates did not gain as much popularity as Isis in the 10th Italian region, Dalmatia and Pannonia, the number of finds indicates its importance and popularity. The most finds date to the 2nd or 3rd century. Most monuments were found in the 10th Italian region. From all the archeological founds, in all three regions, gems and amulets were the most common. Archeological founds made of terracotta were discovered in 10th Italian region and Dalmatia, while bronze was common in 10th Italian region and Pannonia. There are no discoveries of terracotta in Pannonia or bronze in Dalmatia. Four altars were found in 10th Italian region and one in Dalmatia. On two of them is an inscription dedicated to Isis and Harpocrates. On other two there is inscription dedicated to Isis, and display of Harpocrates. Two marble objects were also found in 10th Italian region. One fresco was found in Pannonia. Although Harpocrates` depictions vary widely, some symbols are more common. Although it is not uncommon for Harpocrates to be depicted dressed in himation, more common are depictions of a naked god. In the 10th Italian region and Dalmatia, Harpocrates is most often depicted with a horn of plenty, while in Pannonia he is depicted in a classical pose with an index finger on the mouth without many symbols. Sometimes is hard to determine what kind of head gear God wears due to very small dimensions of figurines. Most often bears the lotus flower or pshent crown on his head. Most depictions of Harpocrates with other gods are found in 10th Italian region. There are seven objects depicting the triad Isis, Serapis and Harpocrates. Depiction of the triad of Isis, Harpocrates and Anubis are also common. The triad Jupiter-Serapis, Isis and Harpocrates and triad of goddess Tihe, Harpocrates and Hermanubis are depicted just once. In Pannonia, Harpocrates is ussualy depicted with Isis. In Dalmatia, there is just one depiction of Isis, Serapis, Liber, Libera, Harpocrates and Hermanubis. A Harpocrates with wings is shown on three objects found in 10th Italian region. That is syncretism of Harpocrates and God Amor. One depiction od Harpocrates with a crown with the rays of the sun and whip from Pannonia refers to the syncretism of the Harpocrates and Helios. Most finds are tiny, everyday items which confirm Harpocrate`s role of the home god. This confirms the lack of the large statues and altars. There is no shrine devoted to Harpocrates in the 10th Italian region, Dalmatia and Pannonia which is the case in the entire Roman Empire as well. It is hard, almost impossible to determine etnic origin and social affiliation of Harpocrates followers.

• Keywords: Harpokrat; Izidini kultovi; X. italska regija; Dalmacija; Panonija; Egipat; Helenizam
• Keywords (english): Harpokrates; Harpocrates; Egypt; Isiac cults; Hellenism; Dalmatia; Pannonia; Tenth Italic region
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:131:480136
• Study programme: Title: History (single major); specializations in: Research, Teaching; Course: Teaching; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra edukacije povijesti (magistar/magistra edukacije povijesti)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-09-29 16:56:34